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\u201cIf there is anything that we wish to change in the child, we should first examine it and see whether it is not something that could better be changed in ourselves.\u201d \u2013\u00a0<\/em>Carl Jung, Founder of Analytical Psychology, Swiss Psychiatrist and Psychoanalyst<\/p>\n Attachment to Both Parents Predict Preschool Children\u2019s Emotional Regulation<\/strong><\/p>\n A\u00a0\u00a02021 Portuguese longitudinal study\u00a0measured the influence of parent-child attachments at age 3 on the child\u2019s capacity for emotional regulation at age five. Emotional regulation is the child\u2019s ability to balance his emotions so that he can engage in the new task at hand.<\/p>\n Findings:<\/strong><\/p>\n Data Source and Description:<\/strong>\u00a053 Portuguese, always-intact middle-class families. Children were mostly girls (53 percent). More than half of parents (55 percent of mothers and 59 percent of fathers) had a college degree. Most parents worked full time (96 percent of mothers and 98 percent of fathers).<\/p>\n Brain Structure Differences Are Associate with Different Infant-Parent Attachment Styles<\/strong><\/p>\n A\u00a02019 Dutch study\u00a0measured the association between different infant-parent attachment styles and brain (hippocampus) structures. Secure<\/strong>\u00a0vs\u00a0Insecure<\/strong>\u00a0(which has two subsets:\u00a0disorganized<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0organized<\/strong>\u00a0[which has two more sub-sets of its own:\u00a0anxious<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0avoidant<\/strong>]).<\/p>\n The major finding was that only one style \u2014\u00a0disorganized<\/em>\u00a0infant attachment \u2014 had larger hippocampal volumes than all the rest.\u00a0 The hippocampus (which has a major role in memory) likely contextualizes new fearful social situations, linking them to these original fear-inducing patterns of interaction with the caregiver\/mother.<\/p>\n Data Source and Description:<\/strong>\u00a0551 children from The Generation R (Rotterdam) Study in the Netherlands (born between April 2002 and January 2006) who met all the criteria for the study, were included<\/p>\n During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Parents\u2019 Emotional Health Influenced Their Children\u2019s Emotional and Behavioral Health<\/strong><\/p>\n A\u00a02021 American opportunity study\u00a0assessed the link between parent emotional health and child emotional and behavioral health during the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/p>\n Descriptors\u2014During the pandemic<\/strong><\/p>\n Contributing and mitigating factors:<\/strong><\/p>\n Data Source and Description:<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0 An opportunity sample of 158 parents in the US with at least one child (age 6-12), recruited by Facebook advertisements, fliers to social and professional networks, and fliers to parenting groups in New York and California.\u00a0 Ninety-two percent of participants were White. Twenty-nine states were included, with the largest groups from NY (16.5 percent) and CA (13.3 percent). Nearly 90 percent of parents were married or cohabiting. Nearly 60 percent reported a household income over $100,000. Almost half had two children.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n\n
If the mother\/caregiver is not consistently responsive, some infants form an insecure, but organized attachment pattern (i.e., avoidant or resistant).\u00a0Other infants, however, develop a disorganized attachment, another variation of infant attachment; these infants display contradictory behaviors when exposed to stress. These combinations result in four different attachment styles.<\/p>\n\n
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